[U. S. Geological Survey]

Chapter 4

Isotopic Fractionation in Snow Cover

Lee W. Cooper



Isotope Tracers in Catchment Hydrology (1998), C. Kendall and J.J. McDonnell (Eds.).
Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam. pp. 119-136.

References

Árnason, B., 1969a. Equilibrium constant for the fractionation of deuterium between ice and water. Jour. Phys. Chem., 73: 3491-3494.

Árnason, B., 1969b. The exchange of hydrogen isotopes between ice and water in temperate glaciers. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 6: 423-430.

Beasley, T.M., Cecil, L.D., Mann, L., Kubik, P., Sharma, P., Fehn, U. and Gove, H., 1993. Chlorine-36 in the Snake River Plain Aquifer: Origin and implications. Ground Water, 31: 302-310.

Beasley, T.M., Elmore, D.E., Kubik, P.W. and Sharma, P., 1992. Chlorine-36 releases at the Savannah River Site nuclear fuel re-processing facilities. Ground Water, 30: 539-548.

Bottomley, D.J., Craig, D. and Johnston, L.M., 1986. Neutralization of acid runoff by groundwater discharge to streams in Canadian Precambrian shield watersheds. Jour. Hydrol., 88: 213-234.

Buason, T., 1972. Evaluations of isotope fractionation between ice and water in a melting snow column with continuous rain and percolation. Jour. Glaciol., 11: 387-405.

Buttle, J.M., Vonk, A.M. and Taylor, C.H., 1995. Applicability of isotopic hydrograph separation in a suburban basin during snowmelt., Hydrol. Processes, 9: 197-211.

Claassen, H.C. and Downey, J.S., 1995. A model for deterium and oxygen 18 isotope changes during evergreen interception of snowfall. Water Resour. Res., 31: 601-618.

Cooper, L.W., Olsen, C.R., Solomon, D.K., Larsen, I.L., Cook, R.B. and Grebmeier, J.M., 1991. Stable isotopes of oxygen and natural and fallout radionuclides used for tracing runoff during snowmelt in an Arctic watershed. Water Resour. Res., 27: 2171-2179.

Cooper, L.W., Solis, C., Kane, D.L. and Hinzman, L.D., 1993. Application of oxygen-18 tracer techniques to Arctic hydrological processes. Arctic and Alpine Res., 25: 247-255.

Craig, H., 1961. Isotopic variations in meteoric waters. Science, 133: 1702-1703.

Craig, H. and Gordon, L.I., 1965. Deuterium and oxygen-18 variations in the ocean and marine atmosphere. Proceedings of the Spoleto Meeting on Nuclear Geology, Stable Isotopes in Oceanography Studies and Paleo Temperature, pp. 9-130.

Dansgaard, W., 1954. The O18-abundance in fresh water. Geochim. et Cosmochim. Acta, 6: 241-260.

Dansgaard, W., 1964. Stable isotopes in precipitation. Tellus, 16: 436-468.

Deutsch, S., Ambach, W. and Eisner, H., 1966. Oxygen isotope study of snow and firn on an alpine glacier. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 1: 197-201.

Dinçer, T., Payne, B.R., Florkowski, T., Martinec, J. and Tongiorgi, T., 1970. Snowmelt runoff from measurements of tritium and oxygen-18. Water Resour. Res., 6: 110-118.

Epstein, S. and Mayeda, T., 1953. Variation of 18O content of water from natural sources. Geochim. et Cosmochim. Acta, 42: 213-224.

Epstein, S. and Sharp, R.P., 1959. Oxygen-isotope variations in the Malaspina and Saskatchewan Glaciers. Jour. Geol., 67: 88-102.

Everett, K.R., Marion, G.M. and Kane, D.L., 1989. Seasonal geochemistry of an Arctic tundra drainage basin. Holoarctic Ecol., 12: 279-289.

Friedman, I., Benson, C. and Gleason, J., 1991. Isotopic changes during snow metamorphism. In: H. P. Taylor, J. R. O'Neil and I. R. Kaplan (Eds), Stable Isotope Geochemistry: A Tribute to Samuel Epstein. The Geochemical Society, San Antonio, pp. 211-221.

Friedman, I., Redfield, A.C., Schoen, B. and Harris, J., 1964. The variation of the deuterium content of natural water in the hydrologic cycle. Rev. Geophys., 2: 177-224.

Friedman, I. and Smith, G.I., 1970. Deuterium content of snow cores from Sierra Nevada area. Science, 169: 467-470.

Gibson, J.J., Edwards, T.W.D., Bursey, G.G. and Prowse, T.D., 1993a. Estimating evaporation using stable isotopes: Quantitative results and sensitivity analysis for two catchments in northern Canada. Nordic Hydrol., 24: 79-94

Gibson, J.J., Edwards, T.W.D. and Prowse, T.D., 1993b. Runoff generation in a high boreal wetland in northern Canada. Nordic Hydrol., 24: 213-224.

Hammer, C.U., Clausen, H.B., Dansgaard, W., Gundestrup, N., Johnsen, S.J. and Reeh, N., 1978. Dating of Greenland ice cores by flow models, isotopes, volcanic debris, and continental dust. Jour. Glaciol., 20: 3-26.

Hanshaw, B.B. and Hallet, B., 1978. Oxygen isotope composition of subglacially precipitated calcite: Possible palaeoclimatic implications. Science, 200: 1267-1270.

Herrmann, A., Lehrer, M. and Stichler, W., 1981. Isotope input into runoff systems from melting snow covers. Nordic Hydrol., 12: 309-318.

Hinzman, L.D., Kane, D.L., Gieck, R.E. and Everett, K.R., 1991. Hydrological and thermal properties of the active layer in the Alaskan Arctic. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 19: 95-110.

Ingraham, N.L. and Taylor, B.E., 1989. The effect of snowmelt on the hydrogen isotope ratios of creek discharge in Surprise Valley, California. Jour. Hydrol., 106: 233-244.

Jouzel, J. and Merlivat, L., 1984. Deuterium and oxygen 18 in precipitation: Modeling of the isotopic effects during snow formation. Jour. Geophys. Res., 89: 11,749-11,757.

Jouzel, J., Merlivat, L., Petit, R. and Lorius, C., 1983. Climatic information over the last century deduced from a detailed isotopic record in the South Pole snow. Jour. Geophys. Res., 88: 2693-2703.

Jouzel, J. and Souchez, R.A., 1982. Melting-freezing at the glacier sole and the isotopic composition of the ice. Jour. Glaciol., 28: 35-42.

Judy, C., Meiman, J.R. and Friedman, I., 1970. Deuterium variations in an annual snowpack. Water Resour. Res., 6: 125-129.

Kane, D.L., Hinzman, L.D., Benson, C.D. and Liston, G.E., 1991. Snow hydrology of a headwater Arctic basin 1. Physical measurements and process studies. Water Resour. Res., 27: 1099-1109.

Kane, D.L., Hinzman, L.D., Benson, C.S. and Everett, K.R., 1989. Hydrology of Imnavait Creek, an Arctic watershed. Holoarctic Ecol., 12: 262-269.

Kane, D.L., Hinzman, L.D., Woo, M.-K. and Everett, K.R., 1992. Arctic Hydrology and Climate Change. In: F. S. Chapin, R. L. Jeffries, J. Svoboda, J. F. Reynolds and G. R. Shaver (Eds), Arctic Ecosystems in a Changing Climate. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 35-57.

Krouse, H.R., 1973. Stable isotopes in the study of snow and ice resources. In: H.S. Santeford and J.L. Smith (Eds), Proceedings of the Conference on Advanced Concepts and Techniques in the Study of Snow and Ice Resources. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., pp. 651-660.

Krouse, H.R. and Smith, J.L., 1972. O18/O16 abundance variations in Sierra Nevada snowpacks and their use in hydrological research. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Role of Snow and Ice in Hydrology. UNESCO, New York., pp. 24-38.

Lawrence, J.R., 1987. Use of contrasting D/H ratios of snows and groundwaters of eastern New York State in watershed evaluation. Water Resour. Res., 23: 519-521.

Lemmens, M.M., Lorrain, R. and Haren, J., 1982. Isotopic composition of ice and subglacially precipitated calcite in an alpine area. Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie, 18: 151-159.

Mackay, J.R., 1972. Offshore permafrost and ground ice, southern Beaufort Sea, Canada. Canadian Jour. Earth Sci., 9: 1550-1561.

Maclean, R.A., English, M.C. and Schiff, S.L., 1995. Hydrological and hydrochemical responses of a small Canadian shield catchment to late winter rain-on-snow events. Hydrol. Processes 9: 845-863.

Martinec, J., Siegenthaler, U., Oeschger, H. and Tongiorgi, E., 1974. New insights into the run-off mechanism by environmental isotopes. In: Isotope Techniques in Groundwater Hydrology. Proceedings of a Symposium. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, pp. 129-143.

Mast, M.A., Kendall, C., Campbell, D.H., Clow, D.W. and Back, J., 1995. Determination of hydrologic pathways in an alpine-subalpine basin using isotopic and chemical tracers, Loch Vale Watershed, Colorado, USA. In: Biogeochemistry of Seasonally Snow-Covered Catchments. Proceedings of a Boulder Symposium, July, 1995. IAHS Publ. No. 228: 263-270.

Merlivat, L. and Nief, G., 1967. Fractionnement isotopique lors des changements d'etat solide-vapeur et liquide-vapeur de l'eau à des temperatures inférieures à 0oC. Tellus, 19: 122-127.

Michel, F.A., 1986. Isotope geochemistry of frost-blister ice, North Fork Pass, Yukon, Canada. Canadian Jour. Earth Sci., 23: 543-549.

Moore, R.D., 1989. Tracing runoff sources with deuterium and oxygen-18 during spring melt in a headwater catchment, Southern Laurentians, Quebec. Jour. Hydrol., 112: 135-148.

Moser, H. and Stichler, W., 1980. Environmental isotopes in ice and snow. In: P. Fritz and J. C. Fontes (Eds), Handbook of environmental isotope geochemistry, Volume 1. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 141-178.

Nikolayev, V.I. and Mikhalev, D.V., 1995. An oxygen-isotope paleothermometer from ice in Siberian permafrost. Quaternary Res., 43: 14-21.

Obradovic, M.M. and Sklash, M.G., 1986. An isotopic and geochemical study of snowmelt runoff in a small Arctic watershed. Hydrol. Processes, 1: 15-30.

O'Neill, J.R., 1968. Hydrogen and oxygen isotopic fractionation between ice and water. Jour. Phys. Chem., 72: 3683-3684.

Oechel, W.C., Hastings, S.J., Vourlitis, G., Jenkins, M., Riechers, G. and Grulke, N., 1993. Recent change of Arctic tundra ecosystems from a net carbon dioxide sink to a source. Nature, 361: 520-523.

Picciotto, E., Cameron, R., Crozaz, G., Deutsch, S. and Wilgain, S., 1968. Determination of the rate of snow accumulation at the pole of relative inaccessibility, eastern Antarctica: A comparison of glaciological and isotopic methods. Jour. Glaciol., 7: 273-287.

Posey, J.C. and Smith, H.A., 1957. The equilibrium distribution of light and heavy water in a freezing mixture. Jour. Am. Chem. Soc., 79: 555-557.

Rodhe, A., 1981. Spring flood: Meltwater or groundwater? Nordic Hydrol., 12: 21-30.

Rodhe, A., 1987. The origin of streamwater traced by oxygen-18. Ph.D. Thesis, Uppsala University, 260 pp. + 73 pp. Appendix.

Sharp, M., Tison, J.-L. and Fierens, G., 1990. Geochemistry of subglacial calcites: Implications for the hydrology of the basal water film. Arctic and Alpine Res., 22: 141-152.

Sharp, R.P., Epstein, S. and Vidziunas, I., 1960. Oxygen-isotope ratios in the Blue Glacier, Olympic Mountains, Washington, USA. Jour. Geophys. Res., 65: 4043-4059.

Sommerfield, R.A., Judy, C. and Friedman, I., 1991. Isotopic changes during the formation of depth hoar in experimental snowpacks. In: H. P. Taylor, J. R. O'Neil and I. R. Kaplan (Editors), Stable Isotope Geochemistry: A Tribute to Samuel Epstein. The Geochemical Society, San Antonio, pp. 205-210.

Souchez, R.A. and Jouzel, J., 1984. On the isotopic composition in D and 18O of water and ice during freezing. Jour. Glaciol., 30: 369-372.

Stichler, W., Rauert, W. and Martinec, J., 1981. Environmental isotope studies of an alpine snowpack. Nordic Hydrol., 12: 297-308.

Suzuola, T. and Kimuna, T., 1973. D/H and 18O/16O fractionation in ice-water systems. Mass Spectrometry, 21: 229-233

Tan, F.C. and Fraser, W.D., 1976. Oxygen isotope studies on sea ice in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 33: 1397-1401.

Tan, F.C. and Strain, P.M., 1980. The distribution of sea ice meltwater in the eastern Canadian Arctic. Jour. Geophys. Res., 85: 1925-1932.

Unnikrishna, P.V., McDonnell, J.J. and Kendall, C., 1998. Isotope variations in a Sierra Nevada Snowpack and their relation to meltwater. Water Resources Research, (in review).

Weston, R.E., 1955. Hydrogen isotopic fractionation between ice and water. Geochim. et Cosmochim. Acta, 8: 281-284.

Yablokov, A.V., Karasev, V.K., Rumyantsev, V.M., Kokeyev, M.Y., Petrov, O.I., Lystsov, V.N., Yemelyankenkov, A.F. and Rubtsov, P.M., 1993. Facts and Problems Related to Radioactive Waste Disposal in Seas Adjacent to the Territory of the Russian Federation. Office of the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow. Translated by Paul Gallager and Elena Bloomstein, Small World Publishers, Inc., 7813 Pickard Avenue NE, Albuquerque, NM 87110.


The URL of this page is: http://wwwrcamnl.wr.usgs.gov/isoig/isopubs/itch4refs.html
This page maintained by Carol Kendall, ckendall@usgs.gov
This page was last changed on November 24, 1998.
Return to the Periodic Table
Return to the IsoPubs Table of Contents